Annual gross salary → Income Tax, National Insurance, and net pay.
Uses 2025/26 England & Wales & NI bands shown below — adjust them yourself if rates change or differ. Scottish Income Tax uses different bands and isn't covered. Student loan and pension deductions aren't included.
Income Tax is calculated band by band — 0% up to your personal allowance, then the basic, higher and additional rates on each slice of income above that, in turn. Class 1 National Insurance works the same way with its own thresholds: nothing below the primary threshold, the main rate between the primary and upper thresholds, and the lower rate above that. Net pay is gross salary minus both totals.
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